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Aluminium vs Chromium

Aluminium
Chromium
Chromium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Cr   
Group Number
13   
5
6   
12
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1825   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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