Aluminium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Mg
Group Number
13
5
2
16
Period Number
3
3
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1825
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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