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Magnesium vs Bismuth

Magnesium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Bi  
Group Number
2  
16
15  
3
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1755  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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