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Bismuth vs Magnesium

Bismuth
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Mg   
Group Number
15   
3
2   
16
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
83   
33
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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