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Bismuth vs Magnesium

Bismuth
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Mg  
Group Number
15  
3
2  
16
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
p block  
s block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
12.00  
12
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
6 * 10-2 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %  
14
~0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.03 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
15
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
36
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
74.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
6
1.31  
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.32  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
6
1.23  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
4
1.37  
16
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
4
1.29  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
Not Available  
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
3.66 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83  
33
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
18
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
29
160.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
36
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
26
173.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
13.97 cm3/mol  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
39
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
18
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
17.00 GPa  
37
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
38
45.00 GPa  
25
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
30
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
Not Available  
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
8.95 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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