Bismuth Magnesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Mg
Group Number
15
3
2
16
Period Number
6
3
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440699
22
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00
12
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1753
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
12
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
