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Magnesium vs Polonium

Magnesium
Polonium
Polonium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Po   
Group Number
2   
16
16   
2
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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