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Magnesium vs Polonium

Magnesium
Polonium
Polonium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Po  
Group Number
2  
16
16  
2
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1755  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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