Magnesium vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Po
Group Number
2
16
16
2
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1755
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
84
32
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
12
99+
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Not Available
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
Not Available
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
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