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Bismuth vs Gadolinium

Bismuth
Gadolinium
Gadolinium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Gd   
Group Number
15   
3
0   
18
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440542   
33
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1880   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
Not Available   
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,311.00 °C   
35
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
3,233.00 °C   
25
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
510.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.20   
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
64   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
64   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
93   
37
Number of Electrons
83   
33
64   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Europium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
46.10 (-eV)   
34
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
363.60 pm   
32
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
9
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
7.40 g/cm3   
31
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
21.80 GPa   
33
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
37.90 GPa   
34
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
54.80 GPa   
35
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.26   
23
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
7.90   
40
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
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