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Aluminium vs Nickel

Aluminium
Nickel
Nickel vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Ni   
Group Number
13   
5
10   
8
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1825   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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