Aluminium vs Nickel
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Ni
Group Number
13
5
10
8
Period Number
3
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1825
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
0.00
3
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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