1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74299057440177
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.10 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
660.37 °C38.89 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Grayish White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.4 Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.6 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.4 Electronegativity
5.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.1.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.6 Ionization Energies
6.6.1 1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.6.4 3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.7.2 4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.7.4 5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.7.6 6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.8.1 7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.9.1 8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.9.2 9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
6.11.1 10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
6.12.1 11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
6.12.2 12th Energy Level
6.14.1 13th Energy Level
7.1.2 14th Energy Level
7.1.4 15th Energy Level
7.2.1 16th Energy Level
7.3.1 17th Energy Level
7.4.2 18th Energy Level
7.4.3 19th Energy Level
7.4.5 20th Energy Level
7.5.2 21st Energy Level
7.5.3 22nd Energy Level
7.5.4 23rd Energy Level
7.5.6 24th Energy Level
7.5.7 25th Energy Level
7.5.9 26th Energy Level
7.5.10 27th Energy Level
7.5.11 28th Energy Level
7.6.1 29th Energy Level
7.6.2 30th Energy Level
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.3 Electron Work Function
8.4 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
9.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.5.3 Number of Neutrons
9.5.5 Number of Electrons
10.2 Radius of an Atom
10.2.1 Atomic Radius
143.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
10.3.1 Covalent Radius
121.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
10.3.2 Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
10.5 Atomic Weight
26.98 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
404.95 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
10.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.6 Elasticity properties
11.6.1 Shear Modulus
11.6.2 Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa2.50 GPa
1.6
462
11.6.3 Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa2.40 GPa
1.7
528
11.7 Poisson Ratio
11.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1