Aluminium vs Samarium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Sm
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
3
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440199
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1825
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
40
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Slightly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
1,072.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
1,900.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
441.00 MPa
27
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
412.00 MPa
24
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
2,130.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Sm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.17
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.83
14
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
2.70 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
62
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
62
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
88
39
Number of Electrons
13
99+
62
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
198.00 pm
13
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
150.36 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
19.95 cm3/mol
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
44.80 (-eV)
37
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
362.10 pm
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
7.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
7.16 g/cm3
32
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
0.94 (Pa)
9
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
19.50 GPa
34
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
37.80 GPa
35
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
49.70 GPa
37
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.27
19
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
7.52
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
29.54 J/mol·K
7
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
13.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
8.62 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
69.60 J/mol.K
15
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