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Samarium vs Bismuth

Samarium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm   
Bi   
Group Number
Not Available   
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
88   
39
126   
18
Number of Electrons
62   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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