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Bismuth vs Samarium

Bismuth
Samarium
Samarium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Sm  
Group Number
15  
3
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440199  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
12
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
5 * 10-7 %  
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %  
14
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Slightly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,072.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
1,900.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
15
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
441.00 MPa  
27
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
412.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Sm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
6
1.17  
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
6
1.07  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
4
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
4
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.83  
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
37
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
1.87 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83  
33
62  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
62  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
18
88  
39
Number of Electrons
83  
33
62  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
29
180.00 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
36
198.00 pm  
13
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
26
229.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
150.36 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
19.95 cm3/mol  
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
44.80 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
362.10 pm  
33
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
39
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
18
7.16 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.94 (Pa)  
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
19.50 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
38
37.80 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
49.70 GPa  
37
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.27  
19
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
30
7.52  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
Not Available  
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.20 J/(kg K)  
31
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
29.54 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
8.62 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
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