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Samarium vs Thallium

Samarium
Thallium
Thallium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm   
Tl   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
88   
39
123   
20
Number of Electrons
62   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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