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Samarium Thallium Comparison

Samarium
Thallium
Thallium Samarium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm  
Tl  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440199  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C  
99+
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C  
99+
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa  
32
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa  
40
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
22
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sm  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17  
99+
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.17  
33
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.17  
40
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.17  
99+
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83  
14
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
54,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol  
37
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr  
38
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
62  
99+
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
88  
40
123  
21
Number of Electrons
62  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu  
99+
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol  
31
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)  
38
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm  
37
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3  
99+
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)  
9
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa  
99+
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa  
40
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
19
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52  
99+
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
32
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K  
9
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
1,345.00 K  
99+
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
39
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol  
99+
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
Summary >>
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