1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74403937440542
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.6.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.8.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.4.2 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C1,311.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C3,233.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.3 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
5.4 Optical Properties
5.4.1 Refractive Index
6.1.1 Reflectivity
6.2 Allotropes
6.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.6.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.6.5 Allen Electronegativity
7.8 Electropositivity
7.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.9 Ionization Energies
7.9.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.10.2 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.11.1 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.2.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,250.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.3.2 5th Energy Level
8.3.4 6th Energy Level
8.3.6 7th Energy level
8.3.7 8th Energy Level
8.3.9 9th Energy Level
8.3.11 10th Energy Level
8.4.2 11th Energy Level
8.5.2 12th Energy Level
8.5.4 13th Energy Level
8.5.6 14th Energy Level
8.5.8 15th Energy Level
8.5.10 16th Energy Level
8.5.12 17th Energy Level
8.5.14 18th Energy Level
8.5.16 19th Energy Level
8.5.17 20th Energy Level
8.5.19 21st Energy Level
8.5.21 22nd Energy Level
8.5.22 23rd Energy Level
8.5.24 24th Energy Level
8.5.25 25th Energy Level
8.5.27 26th Energy Level
8.5.29 27th Energy Level
8.5.30 28th Energy Level
8.5.32 29th Energy Level
8.5.33 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr1.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.7 Electron Work Function
8.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.4 Number of Neutrons
9.4.6 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
9.5.3 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
9.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.9.1 Previous Element
9.9.2 Next Element
9.10 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.11 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
9.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm37.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm37.40 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.5 Tensile Strength
11.6 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
11.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.9 Elasticity properties
11.9.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa21.80 GPa
1.3
222
11.10.1 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa37.90 GPa
1.6
462
11.11.1 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa54.80 GPa
1.7
528
11.12 Poisson Ratio
11.15 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
12.2.2 Permeability
12.4.1 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m1.31 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.3.1 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.3 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K37.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.4 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K10.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.6 Critical Temperature
14.7 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)9.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.8 Enthalpy
14.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol359.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol10.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol352.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.2 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K68.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1