Barium vs Bismuth
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Bi
Group Number
2
16
15
3
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
229.00
1
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1772
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
56
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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