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Barium vs Cadmium

Barium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Cd   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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