Barium vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Ca
Group Number
2
16
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1772
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
56
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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