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Barium vs Mercury

Barium
Mercury
Mercury vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Hg   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1772   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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