Beryllium Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Ni
Group Number
2
16
10
8
Period Number
2
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1797
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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