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Beryllium vs Nickel

Beryllium
Nickel
Nickel vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Ni   
Group Number
2   
16
10   
8
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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