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Beryllium Polonium Comparison

Beryllium
Polonium
Polonium Beryllium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Po  
Group Number
2  
16
16  
2
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1797  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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