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Beryllium vs Polonium

Beryllium
Polonium
Polonium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Po   
Group Number
2   
16
16   
2
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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