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Polonium vs Radium

Polonium
Radium
Radium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Ra  
Group Number
16  
2
2  
16
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
s block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
221.00  
3
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Not Available  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
Not Available  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
0.90  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
2
0.97  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
0.92  
20
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available  
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84  
32
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
125  
19
138  
16
Number of Electrons
84  
32
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
23
Not Available  
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
29
283.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
13
45.20 cm3/mol  
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available  
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
514.80 pm  
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
19
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
31
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
NA  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
26
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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