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Radium vs Polonium

Radium
Polonium
Polonium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Po   
Group Number
2   
16
16   
2
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
2.00   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
125   
19
Number of Electrons
88   
30
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
Not Available   
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