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Polonium vs Beryllium

Polonium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Be   
Group Number
16   
2
2   
16
Period Number
6   
2   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440417   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1797   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00000001 %   
29
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,278.00 °C   
36
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,970.00 °C   
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
White Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
590.00 MPa   
21
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Be   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
9   
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.57   
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
1.54   
12
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.58   
23
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.43   
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
4   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[He] 2s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
4   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
5   
99+
Number of Electrons
84   
32
4   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
112.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
96.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
153.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
9.01 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
82.00 (-eV)   
15
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
228.58 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
132.00 GPa   
7
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
130.00 GPa   
13
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
287.00 GPa   
7
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.03   
35
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
1.85   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
200.00 W/m·K   
6
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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