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Beryllium vs Cobalt

Beryllium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Co  
Group Number
2  
16
9  
9
Period Number
2  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1797  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
White Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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