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Beryllium vs Cobalt

Beryllium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Co   
Group Number
2   
16
9   
9
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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