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Beryllium vs Manganese

Beryllium
Manganese
Manganese vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Mn   
Group Number
2   
16
7   
11
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7439965   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I_ 43m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
217.00   
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1774   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.001 %   
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.27 %   
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.11 %   
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,245.00 °C   
37
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
1,962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
196.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Mn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.55   
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.60   
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.75   
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.45   
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.10 eV   
25
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
25   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
25   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
25   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
127.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
54.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
220.00 (-eV)   
2
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
891.25 pm   
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
120.00 GPa   
14
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
198.00 GPa   
12
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
7.21   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
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