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Beryllium vs Gold

Beryllium
Gold
Gold vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Au   
Group Number
2   
16
11   
7
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1797   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
2.54   
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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