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Gold vs Strontium

Gold
Strontium
Strontium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Sr  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440246  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Cruickshank  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1787  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.04 %  
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
4
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
769.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
1,384.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
110.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
4,170.00 m/s  
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.43  
39
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Sr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
0.95  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
0.72  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
0.99  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.00  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
0.96  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
3.05  
7
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
2.59 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
38  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Kr] 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
38  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
38  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
195.00 pm  
15
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
249.00 pm  
11
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
87.62 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Rubidium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Yttrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
608.49 pm  
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
121.00 (Pa)  
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
6.03 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
15.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
2.64  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
35
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
35.40 W/m·K  
38
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,050.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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