Strontium vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr
Hg
Group Number
2
16
12
6
Period Number
5
6
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440246
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1787
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %
14
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %
15
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %
10
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
4
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.
7
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95
99+
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72
27
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99
37
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00
18
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
0.96
40
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05
7
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV
99+
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
38
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
38
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm
5
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm
15
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm
7
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol
6
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm
6
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)
1
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.64
99+
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m
24
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol
38
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K
37
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol
38
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K
26
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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