Beryllium vs Silver
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Ag
Group Number
2
16
11
7
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440224
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Unknown
Discovery
In 1797
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
961.93 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
2,212.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
251.00 MPa
37
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
229.00 MPa
30
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
97.00 %
1
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
1.93
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
1.83
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
1.47
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
1.87
7
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
2.07
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
731.00 kJ/mol
27
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
4.26 eV
20
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
47
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
47
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
61
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
47
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
36
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
172.00 pm
38
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
107.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
11.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
408.53 pm
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
10.49 g/cm3
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
0.00 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
83.00 GPa
23
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
10.50
26
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
5
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
125.60 kJ/mol
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
429.00 W/m·K
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
255.10 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
11.30 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
284.50 kJ/mol
37
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
42.60 J/mol.K
35
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