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Silver vs Beryllium

Silver
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Be  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
5  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
White Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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