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Beryllium vs Mercury

Beryllium
Mercury
Mercury vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Hg   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1797   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
Not Available   
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
White Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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