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Mercury vs Radium

Mercury
Radium
Radium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Ra   
Group Number
12   
6
2   
16
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440144   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Not Available   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
Not Available   
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
700.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
1,737.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Ra   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
0.90   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
0.97   
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
0.92   
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
0.89   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
3.10   
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
88   
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Rn] 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
88   
30
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
138   
16
Number of Electrons
80   
36
88   
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
221.00 pm   
3
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
283.00 pm   
4
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
226.00 amu   
26
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
514.80 pm   
13
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
5.00   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
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