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Beryllium Mercury Comparison

Beryllium
Mercury
Mercury Beryllium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be  
Hg  
Group Number
2  
16
12  
6
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440417  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1797  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
24
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C  
36
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C  
33
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
White Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa  
25
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
9
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s  
2
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.56  
34
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Be  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57  
25
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81  
15
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.58  
26
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43  
30
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
4  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
5  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
4  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm  
99+
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)  
15
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
287.00 MPa  
16
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
17
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa  
7
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa  
13
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa  
7
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03  
36
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K  
6
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,551.00 K  
39
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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