Beryllium vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Na
Group Number
2
16
1
17
Period Number
2
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1797
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
0.69 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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