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Beryllium vs Yttrium

Beryllium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Y   
Group Number
2   
16
3   
15
Period Number
2   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440655   
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Johan Gadolin   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1794   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
7 * 10-7 %   
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,523.00 °C   
27
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
3,337.00 °C   
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
589.00 MPa   
22
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Y   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.22   
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
0.65   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.12   
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.78   
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
39   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
39   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
39   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
88.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
48.00 (-eV)   
30
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
364.74 pm   
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
1.57   
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
25.60 GPa   
30
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
41.20 GPa   
30
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
63.50 GPa   
32
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.24   
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
4.47   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
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