Symbol
Bi
  
Ba
  
Period Number
6
  
6
  
Block
p block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Alkaline Earth
  
Space Group Name
C12/m1
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
  
Discovery
In 1753
  
In 1772
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
  
14
~0.000001 %
  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic
  
Low Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
  
20
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
  
15
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
  
22
70.00 p.p.m.
  
9
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
  
99+
1,140.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
  
99+
1,620.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Bi
  
Ba
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
  
35
502.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
  
33
965.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,600.00 kJ/mol
  
14
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
  
28
Not Available
  
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
  
30
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
  
19
2.56 g/amp-hr
  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
  
[Xe] 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
  
14
39.24 cm3/mol
  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
  
99+
21.30 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
  
18
3.34 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
  
13
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω
  
40
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
  
11
13.95 kJ/mol
  
36
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
0.20 J/(kg K)
  
30
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
  
37
28.07 J/mol·K
  
12
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
  
99+
18.40 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
  
28
20.60 µm/(m·K)
  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
140.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
  
33
7.66 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
175.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
  
24
62.50 J/mol.K
  
20