Bismuth Bismuth Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Bi
Group Number
15
3
15
3
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440699
22
Space Group Name
C12/m1
C12/m1
Space Group Number
12.00
12
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1753
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
83
33
Number of Neutrons
126
18
126
18
Number of Electrons
83
33
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
NA
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
0.00
6
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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