Bismuth Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Cd
Group Number
15
3
12
6
Period Number
6
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00
12
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1753
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
64
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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