Symbol
Bi
  
U
  
Period Number
6
  
7
  
Block
p block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Actinide
  
Space Group Name
C12/m1
  
Cmcm
  
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
  
Not Available
  
Discovery
In 1753
  
In 1789
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
  
14
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
-
Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
  
20
Not Available
  
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
  
22
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C
  
39
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
  
99+
3,818.00 °C
  
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa
  
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
1,960.00 MPa
  
2
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
  
99+
3,155.00 m/s
  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Bi
  
U
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
  
35
597.60 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
  
33
1,420.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
  
28
3,145.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
  
30
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
  
19
1.48 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
  
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
  
14
12.59 cm3/mol
  
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
  
99+
170.00 (-eV)
  
4
Lattice Angles
NA
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3
  
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
  
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Poor Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
  
37
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
  
37
27.67 J/mol·K
  
15
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
  
99+
27.50 W/m·K
  
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
  
28
13.90 µm/(m·K)
  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
477.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
  
33
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
489.50 kJ/mol
  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
  
24
50.20 J/mol.K
  
31