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Bismuth vs Copper

Bismuth
Copper
Copper vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Cu   
Group Number
15   
3
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1753   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
83   
33
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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