1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74406997439976
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Ancient Chinese and Indians
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.1 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.0.45 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
4.3 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C356.58 °C
147
5660
4.6 Appearance
4.6.1 Physical State
4.6.2 Color
4.6.3 Luster
4.7 Hardness
4.7.1 Mohs Hardness
5.1.2 Brinell Hardness
5.1.4 Vickers Hardness
5.2 Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s1,451.40 m/s
818
16200
5.4 Optical Properties
5.4.1 Refractive Index
5.4.2 Reflectivity
5.6 Allotropes
5.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.4 Electronegativity
6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.5.5 Allen Electronegativity
6.6 Electropositivity
6.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.7 Ionization Energies
6.7.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol1,007.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,810.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.8.1 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.1.2 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
7.1.3 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
7.1.6 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
7.1.8 7th Energy level
7.2.3 8th Energy Level
7.2.4 9th Energy Level
7.2.6 10th Energy Level
7.2.7 11th Energy Level
7.2.9 12th Energy Level
8.1.1 13th Energy Level
8.2.1 14th Energy Level
8.2.2 15th Energy Level
8.3.1 16th Energy Level
8.3.2 17th Energy Level
8.4.1 18th Energy Level
8.5.1 19th Energy Level
8.5.2 20th Energy Level
8.6.2 21st Energy Level
8.6.3 22nd Energy Level
8.6.5 23rd Energy Level
8.6.6 24th Energy Level
8.6.7 25th Energy Level
8.6.9 26th Energy Level
8.6.10 27th Energy Level
8.7.1 28th Energy Level
8.7.2 29th Energy Level
8.7.3 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr3.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm155.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu200.59 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol14.82 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)28.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm300.50 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm313.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
NA0.00
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0.001526
0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m961.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K27.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K8.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)60.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol56.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol2.29 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol61.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K75.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1