Bismuth vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Na
Group Number
15
3
1
17
Period Number
6
3
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkali
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
12.00
12
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1753
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
0.69 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
12
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
51.30 J/mol.K
28
|
||
|
||
|
