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Bismuth vs Vanadium

Bismuth
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
V   
Group Number
15   
3
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
83   
33
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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