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Cadmium Gold Comparison

Cadmium
Gold
Gold Cadmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd  
Au  
Group Number
12  
6
11  
7
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440439  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
-  
Discovery
In 1817  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
320.90 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
765.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
90.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.71  
26
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cd  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69  
18
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53  
25
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.52  
30
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31  
37
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
48  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
64  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
48  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa  
34
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
13
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K  
16
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
594.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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