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Gold vs Tantalum

Gold
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Ta   
Group Number
11   
7
5   
13
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440257   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1802   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
8 * 10-9 %   
31
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
Not Available   
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
2,996.00 °C   
4
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
5,425.00 °C   
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Gray Blue   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
440.00 MPa   
28
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
3,400.00 m/s   
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
78.00 %   
6
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Ta   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
31   
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.50   
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.33   
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.34   
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
73   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
73   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
108   
28
Number of Electrons
79   
37
73   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
180.95 amu   
38
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
110.00 (-eV)   
7
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
330.13 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
16.69 g/cm3   
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
15.00 g/cm3   
9
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
69.00 GPa   
13
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
200.00 GPa   
8
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
186.00 GPa   
13
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
16.65   
11
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
57.50 W/m·K   
27
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
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