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Gold vs Tantalum

Gold
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Ta  
Group Number
11  
7
5  
13
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
108  
29
Number of Electrons
79  
37
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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