Cadmium

Molybdenum

Cadmium Molybdenum Comparison

Cadmium

Molybdenum

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

126

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74404397439987

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.

Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.

It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.

It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.

Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.

2.2 Sources

Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1817

In 1778

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10^-7 %5 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000006 %~0.0000009 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.

Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.

Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

1.80 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

320.90 °C2,617.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

765.00 °C4,612.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery Bluish-Gray

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.005.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

203.00 MPa1,370.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA1,400.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,310.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

67.00 %58.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3425

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.692.16

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.981.15

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.461.30

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.53NA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.522.16

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.311.84

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

867.80 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,631.40 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,616.00 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA4,480.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA5,257.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA6,640.80 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA12,125.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA13,860.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA15,835.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA17,980.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA20,190.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA22,219.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA26,930.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NA29,196.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NA52,490.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NA55,000.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NA61,400.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NA67,700.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NA74,000.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NA80,400.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NA87,000.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NA93,400.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NA98,420.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NA104,400.00 kJ/mol

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NA121,900.00 kJ/mol

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NA127,700.00 kJ/mol

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NA133,800.00 kJ/mol

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NA139,800.00 kJ/mol

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NA148,100.00 kJ/mol

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NA154,500.00 kJ/mol

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.10 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.22 eV4.60 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

4842

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²

[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

4842

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

6454

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

4842

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

151.00 pm139.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

144.00 pm154.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

158.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

112.41 amu95.95 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

13.10 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

30.00 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

297.94 pm314.70 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.89NA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

8.65 g/cm³10.28 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

8.00 g/cm39.33 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

62.00 MPa324.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

19.00 GPa126.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

42.00 GPa230.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

50.00 GPa329.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.300.31

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Ductile, Weldable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

8.6510.22

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

72.70 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.14 10⁶/cm Ω0.19 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.23 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

26.02 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

96.60 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

30.80 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

100.00 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

6.19 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

113.00 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

51.80 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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