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Cadmium Rhenium Comparison


Rhenium Cadmium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Cd   
Re   

Group Number
12   
6
7   
11

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440439   
99+
7440155   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  

Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Masataka Ogawa   

Discovery
In 1817   
In 1908   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-8 %   
29

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %   
21
~0.00000001 %   
29

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
34

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
Not Available   

In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
320.90 °C   
99+
3,180.00 °C   
2

Boiling Point
765.00 °C   
99+
5,627.00 °C   
2

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.00   
16
7.00   
3

Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa   
39
1,320.00 MPa   
8

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,350.00 MPa   
7

Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s   
39
4,700.00 m/s   
15

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cd   
Re   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
34   
5
33   
6

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.69   
17
1.90   
11

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.46   
15

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53   
13
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.52   
27
1.60   
21

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.31   
37
2.10   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
760.00 kJ/mol   
20

2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
4.96 eV   
7

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
48   
99+
75   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
48   
99+
75   
40

Number of Neutrons
64   
99+
111   
26

Number of Electrons
48   
99+
75   
40

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
137.00 pm   
40

Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
151.00 pm   
34

Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
112.41 amu   
99+
186.21 amu   
36

Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Silver
  
Tungsten
  

Next Element
Indium
  
Osmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
180.00 (-eV)   
3

Lattice Constant
297.94 pm   
99+
276.10 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89   
1
1.62   
3

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
21.02 g/cm3   
12

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3   
28
18.90 g/cm3   
4

Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa   
16
1,070.00 MPa   
3

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
29

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa   
35
178.00 GPa   
3

Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa   
29
370.00 GPa   
2

Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
463.00 GPa   
2

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.30   
14

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.65   
36
21.02   
5

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
193.00 nΩ·m   
20

Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
14.50 kJ/mol   
35

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
25.48 J/mol·K   
38

Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K   
16
48.00 W/m·K   
31

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
707.10 kJ/mol   
3

Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
33.05 kJ/mol   
2

Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
791.00 kJ/mol   
2

Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+

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